Education

Board Immune in Superintendent’s Firing, Court Rules

By Mark Walsh — July 14, 2013 3 min read
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Members of a Georgia school board that fired the district’s superintendent were immune from her lawsuit alleging that the superintendent was retaliated against for speaking out on a public policy matter, a federal appeals court has ruled.

Awanna Leslie, the fired superintendent of the Hancock County school district, had criticized the local tax commissioner for allegedly collecting school taxes at a deficient rate. She complained at several public meetings. In the fall of 2010, however, a turnover on the Hancock County board of education occurred in all but one seat. The new board chairwoman was the sister-in-law of the tax commissioner.

Soon after, Leslie was dismissed, though the board did not provide a reason. Assistant Superintendent Bettye Richardson, who had also spoken out against the tax commissioner, was demoted to elementary school teacher by the board.

The two administrators sued under the First Amendment, arguing that they faced retaliation for speaking out on a matter of public concern. They allege that the new board was sympathetic to the tax commissioner.

The school district and the board members sought to have the suit dismissed on three grounds: that the administrators were speaking in performance of their job duties, that they were policymaking and confidential employees and thus a key U.S. Supreme Court balancing test for public-employee speech favored the agency, and that the board members had qualified immunity.

A federal district court rejected the motion to dismiss and held that the board members lacked immunity.

In its July 12 decision in Leslie v. Hancock County Board of Education, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, in Atlanta, ruled unanimously that the individual board members were entitled to immunity from the lawsuit.

Separately, the court held that it lacked jurisdiction to decide the school district’s appeal of the denial of its motion to dismiss. In theory, that means the administrators’ suit against the district will continue before the trial court. However, the appeals panel’s discussion of why the board members are immune may well have gutted the heart of the suit.

The appeals court held that a local school superintendent in Georgia is categorically a policymaking or confidential employee. “Georgia law makes a local school superintendent the alter ego of the local school board,” the appeals court said.

The court further held that the board members had immunity because it was not clearly established that a government employer may be held liable for retaliation against a policymaking or confidential official for speech about policy.

“No clearly established law bars the termination of a policymaking or confidential employee for speaking about policy,” the 11th Circuit panel said. That includes the so-called balancing test from the Supreme Court’s 1968 decision in Pickering v. Board of Education of Township School District 205, which held that a teacher could not be dismissed for speaking out on a matter of public concern.

“Neither the [U.S.] Supreme Court, this court, nor the Supreme Court of Georgia has answered the question whether the Pickering balance of interests favors the government employer when an employee who serves in a policymaking or confidential role can be dismissed based on political affiliation or belief,” the 11th Circuit court said.

The appeals court opinion does not address what appears to be a defense raised by the school district raised under a more recent U.S. Supreme Court decision on government employee speech. The high court’s 2006 decision in Garcetti v. Ceballos held that “when public employees make statements pursuant to their official duties, the employees are not speaking as citizens for First Amendment purposes, and the Constitution does not insulate their communications from employer discipline.”

A version of this news article first appeared in The School Law Blog.